Nancy Grace Roman Could Find the First Stars in the Universe

By Brian Koberlein - January 26, 2024 03:12 PM UTC | Cosmology
The first stars in the Universe were made out of the primordial hydrogen and helium left over from the Big Bang. They were probably monsterous, with dozens or even hundreds of times the mass of the Sun. They lived short lives and then detonated as supernovae. Current telescopes will have a tough time spotting these stars, but a new paper suggests that the upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Telescope might have a clever trick to spot them.
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Webb Sees Dozens Of Young Quasars in the First Billion Years of the Universe

By Brian Koberlein - January 24, 2024 01:52 PM UTC | Extragalactic
One of JWST's big tasks is to help astronomers understand how the early Universe came together, with dwarf galaxies merging into larger, more mature galaxies. Supermassive black holes at these galaxies' hearts also grew, shining as quasars within the first billion years. A new paper uses several extragalactic surveys by JWST to find dozens of compact galaxies that seem to host faint quasars as young as 650 million years after the Big Bang.
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What Could the Extremely Large Telescope See at Proxima Centauri's Planet?

By Brian Koberlein - January 23, 2024 11:59 AM UTC | Exoplanets
Astronomers discovered a rocky exoplanet in the habitable zone of Proxima Centauri, the closest star to the Sun. Could there be life there? The European Southern Observatory's 39-meter Extremely Large Telescope is under construction and expected to be completed in the next few years. Could this mighty observatory see evidence of biosignatures in the reflected light from the planet?
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The Next Generation LIFE Telescope Could Detect Some Intriguing Biosignatures

By Brian Koberlein - January 21, 2024 12:49 PM UTC | Astrobiology
JWST has shown that it can detect various chemicals in the atmospheres of other worlds, from water vapor to carbon dioxide. Although it's an incredible demonstration of the telescope's power, it wasn't designed for only this job. The Large Interferometer for Exoplanets (LIFE) is a next-generation space telescope under consideration by ESA. According to a new paper, this telescope could detect rare biosignatures like laughing gas within a few days of study.
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Life on Earth Uses Water as a Solvent. What are Some Other Options for Life as We Don't Know it?

By Brian Koberlein - January 20, 2024 01:09 PM UTC | Astrobiology
Your body's cells use water to dissolve chemicals. It's the same with all life on Earth. But could other fluids work as a solvent? A new paper reviews the potential for different liquid solvents to support life and proposes some surprising candidates, like liquid carbon dioxide, ammonia, and even concentrated sulfuric acid. Each of these solvents is liquid in dramatically different conditions, helping expand the possibilities for life as we don't know it.
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M87*'s Event Horizon Image. One Year Later

By Brian Koberlein - January 19, 2024 12:35 PM UTC | Black Holes
In 2017, a worldwide collection of radio telescopes gathered data about the event horizon around the supermassive black hole at the heart of M87. This was the first time we saw the shadow of a black hole. One year later, the Event Horizon Telescope, including the new Greenland Telescope, came together again. Today, we got the updated 2018 image showing that a bright spot in the ring has shifted by 30 degrees compared to the 2017 image.
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Astronomers Have Mapped the Milky Way's Magnetic Fields in 3D

By Brian Koberlein - January 17, 2024 12:54 PM UTC | Milky Way
Researchers have developed the first 3D maps of magnetic field structures within a spiral arm of the Milky Way. While we've seen smaller-scale magnetic fields before, this is much larger, showing the overall magnetic pattern in our galaxy. These fields are incredibly weak, about 100,000 times weaker than the Earth's magnetic field, but they impact the galaxy, strongly influencing star-forming regions.
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