Dark Matter Might Help Explain How Supermassive Black Holes Can Merge

By Brian Koberlein - February 01, 2024 12:51 PM UTC | Black Holes
Astronomers aren't sure what dark matter is, but they carefully observe to determine which models best match the data. Astronomers have recently developed a method to measure the speed of dark matter compared to other objects in the Universe. As a cloud of dark matter moves past a galaxy, gravity pulls particles towards it in a curving trajectory. The speed of the dark matter can be measured through its effects on the galaxy and vice versa.
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Even Early Galaxies Grew Hand-in-Hand With Their Supermassive Black Holes

By Brian Koberlein - January 31, 2024 12:46 PM UTC | Extragalactic
Almost every galaxy in the local Universe seems to contain a supermassive black hole. There's a direct relationship between the two. Astronomers have wondered if this relationship existed in the Universe's earliest times, just a few hundred million years after the Big Bang. Researchers studied images from JWST and other telescopes to identify the earliest galaxies and their supermassive black holes. Does this relationship extend to the very beginning of the Universe?
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It's a Fine Line Between a Black Hole Energy Factory and a Black Hole Bomb

By Brian Koberlein - January 29, 2024 02:12 PM UTC | Black Holes
You might be surprised to learn there's a way to extract enormous energy from a rapidly spinning black hole. Known as the "Penrose Process," an advanced civilization would feed material into a black hole and extract energy as some of it is hurled into space. A new paper suggests that the process could be even more efficient, cycling the material back into the black hole for another round. Or maybe this will turn into an extremely powerful bomb.
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New Types of Hidden Stars Seen for the First Time

By Brian Koberlein - January 28, 2024 11:47 AM UTC | Stars
Astronomers performing a vast infrared variable star survey have discovered new additions to the stellar menagerie. These new types of stars are normally hidden by gas and dust, but infrared radiation can pierce the shroud, revealing them for the first time. They watched hundreds of millions of stars, noting 222 that showed the greatest changes in brightness. Some were protostars coming to life, and others were ancient stars shedding material in their old age.
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Nancy Grace Roman Could Find the First Stars in the Universe

By Brian Koberlein - January 26, 2024 03:12 PM UTC | Cosmology
The first stars in the Universe were made out of the primordial hydrogen and helium left over from the Big Bang. They were probably monsterous, with dozens or even hundreds of times the mass of the Sun. They lived short lives and then detonated as supernovae. Current telescopes will have a tough time spotting these stars, but a new paper suggests that the upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Telescope might have a clever trick to spot them.
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Webb Sees Dozens Of Young Quasars in the First Billion Years of the Universe

By Brian Koberlein - January 24, 2024 01:52 PM UTC | Extragalactic
One of JWST's big tasks is to help astronomers understand how the early Universe came together, with dwarf galaxies merging into larger, more mature galaxies. Supermassive black holes at these galaxies' hearts also grew, shining as quasars within the first billion years. A new paper uses several extragalactic surveys by JWST to find dozens of compact galaxies that seem to host faint quasars as young as 650 million years after the Big Bang.
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