The Einstein Probe is a collaboration between Europa and China and was designed to detect flashes of low-energy X-rays, so-called "soft X-rays." Recently, the Probe automatically detected a 17-minute-long flash in brightness, known as a fast X-ray transient. Other astronomers made follow-on observations and confirmed that it was a blast of radiation that happened when the Universe was just over a billion years old: a gamma-ray burst near the dawn of time.
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Astronomers still aren't sure about the source of fast radio bursts, but they appear to come from newly formed neutron stars, with powerful magnetic fields that interact with their surroundings. Researchers were surprised to find a burst that came from the last place you'd expect to see a young neutron star: an ancient elliptical galaxy, which ran out of most of its star-forming gas and dust long ago. So, maybe fast radio bursts have something to do with older stars?
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Astronomers have analyzed the atmosphere of WASP-127b and discovered that its windspeeds reach 33,000 km/h. This is the fastest jetstream that's ever been measured on a planet—over 10 times faster than Neptune's winds, which are the fastest in the Solar System. The winds go 6 times faster than the planet itself is rotating. One clue is the extremely low density of WASP-127b; it's bigger than Jupiter, but a fraction of its mass. It's also tidally locked to its star.
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A CNSA flag flying on the Moon. Credit: CGTN News screenshot.
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Water is made of hydrogen and oxygen: H2O. The H was formed during the Big Bang, but it took the first stars in the Universe to create the O, manufacturing it in their cores before they detonated as supernovae. In a new study, researchers suggest that those first supernovae released water into the Universe within the first 100-200 million years after the Big Bang, concentrating it into dense molecular clouds. Water needed for life was there, right at the beginning.
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