As promised, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter is taking more detailed looks at the lunar pits, or lava tubes that have been discovered by LRO and the Kaguya spacecraft. These are deep holes on the moon that could open into vast underground tunnels, and could serve as a safe, radiation shielding habitats for future human lunar explorers. Plus, they are just plain intriguing! This image of a pit found in the Sea of Tranquility (Mare Tranquillitatis) was taken as the Sun was almost straight overhead, illuminating the region. By comparing this image with previous images that have different lighting, scientists can estimate the depth of the pit. They believe it to be over 100 meters!
See more “in-depth” look at more of the caves on the Moon, below:
![Two views of Mare Ingenii pit. Credit: NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University](https://www.universetoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/lunar-pit-2.jpg)
These two images show a pit in Mare Ingenii, which reveal different portions of the floor as the Sun crosses from west to east. Again, by measuring the shadows in different lighting, the Sea of Cleverness pit appears to be about 70 meters deep and about 120 meters wide.
These long, winding lava tubes are like structures we have on Earth. They are created when the top of a stream of molten rock solidifies and the lava inside drains away, leaving a hollow tube of rock. There have been hints that the Moon had lava tubes based on observations of long, winding depressions carved into the lunar surface by the flow of lava, called sinuous rilles.
If a human geologist could ever climb down inside these tubes on the Moon, we could learn so much about the Moon’s history, and sort of travel back in time by studying the different layers on the Moon, just like we do on Earth.
![Three views of the Marius Hills pit. Credit: NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University.](https://www.universetoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/lunar-pit-3.jpg)
LROC has now imaged the Marius Hills pit three times, each time with very different lighting. The center view has an incidence angle of 25° that illuminates about three-quarters of the floor. The Marius pit is about 34 meters deep and 65 by 90 meters wide.
Read more about the Ingenii, Tranquillitatis, and Marius pits at the LROC website, and you can search the nearby area for clues in the full LROC NAC frame that may help determine if an extended lava tube system still exists beneath the surface.
Source: LROC website
Why do they need a couple of different lighting conditions for the estimation of the depth? If the LRO picture is taken perpendicular to the surface then it is a simple trigonometric problem to calculate the depth. The Sun angle is known for sure and the diameter of the pit and the shadow length is easily measurable.
Natural “lunar bridges” appear closely related to “moon caves”: http://planetary.org/blog/article/00002652/
I just went to the Moon Zoo and suggested a separate search page for other Lava Tubes at Mare Tranquillitatis, Mare Ingenii and the Marius Hills…. but bet those locations have already been thoroughly inspected?
I just had to say this, but the top picture looks almost like something I would putt a ball into.
LC
We have a ‘duffer’ in the crowd!