Space Station

An Astronaut Controls a Robotic Dog From Orbit

Swedish astronaut Marcus Wandt took control of a series of robots in Germany while on board the International Space Station, zipping around the Earth at 28,000 kilometers per hour (17,500 mph.) Researchers want to understand how time delays can affect the remote control of robots from an orbiting platform. Future astronauts could control rovers on the Moon’s or Mars’s surface from a spacecraft in orbit. Until now, only wheeled rovers have been part of the tests, but now they have added a dog-like robot called Bert.

This robot research session, called ‘Surface Avatar’ follows initial experiments carried out in July 2023. Wandt operated the robots from a control station in the space station’s Columbus module, commanding three different robots at the German Space Agency’s (DLR) Robotics and Mechatronics Center in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. The goal is to develop innovative technologies that will allow humans to control several robots with precision, and have them act semi- or fully autonomously and even have different robots perform a task together.

As part of the ‘Surface Avatar’ experiment, Swedish ESA astronaut Marcus Wandt commanded various robotic systems from the International Space Station (ISS). Credit: ESA/NASA

“Future stations on the Moon and Mars, including astronaut habitats, will be built and maintained by robots operating under the guidance of astronauts,” said Alin Albu-Schäffer, Director of the DLR Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics, in a DLR article. “Our latest control and AI algorithms enable a single astronaut to command an entire team of different robots. Our DLR-ESA team is a world leader when it comes to this technology.”

The remote operation of the dog-like robot Bert was marked the first time a non-wheel-driven robot was controlled remotely from space by astronauts. Previously, DLR’s humanoid service robot Rollin’ Justin and ESA’s Interact Rover have been teleoperated from space.

During the session, Wandt, who is part of the private Axiom Mission 3 (Ax-3), was able to command Bert to utilize several types of gaits and, because of his leg-based locomotion, Bert was able to explore rough terrain, including small caves — areas that the rolling robots cannot reach. At one point, Wandt allowed Bert to explore the lab’s surroundings independently and monitor the terrain with his camera eyes. Meanwhile, Wandt operated Rollin’ Justin and the Interact Rover.

The ‘Surface Avatar’ series of telerobotics experiments is aimed in particular at the further development of collaborative robots to support astronauts. The project is being led by the DLR Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics, in collaboration with the European Space Agency (ESA) and the German Space Operations Center. Credit: © DLR.

The time delay between the ISS and Earth is usually less than one second.

“That’s because my radio call comes from ISS first to White Sands in the USA,” explained German Space Agency astronaut Matthias Maurer, in a video from DLR. “From there it goes to Houston at NASA. From there it will be forwarded to Munich where our control center is in Oberpfaffenhofen.”

Maurer added that the delay experienced is like what sometimes happens on a Skype call, which occasionally has delays in communications. And of course, the round-trip delay time might be close to 2 seconds, which is deficiently noticeable, especially during conversations.

DLR said that future operations of robots and humans working together must be well planned out in order for them to work as a team. When building a habitat, for example, combining the different skills of several robots is very helpful.

Successful collaboration between two intelligent robots: ESA’s Interact Rover and DLR’s Rollin’ Justin robot jointly installed a short pipe that reproduces a scientific measuring device. The task was coordinated by ESA astronaut Marcus Wandt, who was in control of the robot team in DLR’s Mars laboratory in Oberpfaffenhofen from on board the ISS. Credit: DLR.

Wandt also tested out this concept and for the first time two robots worked together to accomplish a task: Rollin’ Justin and the Interact Rover jointly installed a short pipe representing a scientific measuring device. Under the command of Wandt, Rollin’ Justin used his dexterous hands to safely grasp the pipe and carefully guide it to the measuring point. Wandt then used the Interact rover’s remote control to install the pipe held in position by Justin.

Robots have also been used in space on board the ISS. Robonaut is a joint DARPA–NASA project that created a humanoid torso robot to test out robotics in space. Additionally, three free-flying robots on the space station, known as Astrobees, support multiple demonstrations of technology for various types of robotic assistance on space exploration missions and on Earth.

Nancy Atkinson

Nancy has been with Universe Today since 2004, and has published over 6,000 articles on space exploration, astronomy, science and technology. She is the author of two books: "Eight Years to the Moon: the History of the Apollo Missions," (2019) which shares the stories of 60 engineers and scientists who worked behind the scenes to make landing on the Moon possible; and "Incredible Stories from Space: A Behind-the-Scenes Look at the Missions Changing Our View of the Cosmos" (2016) tells the stories of those who work on NASA's robotic missions to explore the Solar System and beyond. Follow Nancy on Twitter at https://twitter.com/Nancy_A and and Instagram at and https://www.instagram.com/nancyatkinson_ut/

Recent Posts

The Sun Unleashes its Strongest Flare This Cycle

As we approach the peak of Solar Cycle 25, we can expect more and more…

6 hours ago

What’s the Best Material for a Lunar Tower?

Physical infrastructure on the Moon will be critical to any long-term human presence there as…

19 hours ago

What Does a Trip to Mars Do to the Brain?

It’s not long before a conversation about space travel is likely to turn to the…

20 hours ago

Could a New Sungrazer Comet Put on a Show at the End of October?

A new sungrazing comet with potential may grace our skies in late October.

1 day ago

Gravitational Lens Confirms the Hubble Tension

Astronomers want new ways to measure distance in the Universe, working to calculate its rate…

1 day ago

Jets From Supermassive Black Holes Create New Stars Along Their Trajectory

Since the 1970s, astronomers have observed that supermassive black holes (SMBHs) reside at the centers…

2 days ago