Do All Galaxies Have Tentacles?

This Hubble Space Telescope image of two spiral galaxies shows an interesting feature on the smaller galaxy. Silhouetted in front of the larger background galaxy is a small galaxy, and tentacles of dust can be seen extending beyond the small galaxy’s disk of starlight. These dark, dusty structures appear to be devoid of stars, almost like barren branches. They are rarely so visible in a galaxy because there is usually nothing behind them but darkness. But here, with the backdrop of the larger galaxy they are illuminated. Astronomers have never seen dust this far beyond the visible edge of a galaxy, and they don’t know if these dusty structures are common features in galaxies.

The background galaxy is 780 million light-years away, but the distance between the two galaxies has not yet been calculated. Astronomers think the two are relatively close, but not close enough to actually interact. The background galaxy is about the size of the Milky Way Galaxy and is about 10 times larger than the foreground galaxy. Understanding a galaxy’s color and how dust affects and dims that color are crucial to measuring a galaxy’s true brightness. By knowing the true brightness, astronomers can calculate the galaxy’s distance from Earth.

Most of the stars speckled across this image belong to the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 253, which is out of view to the right. Astronomers used Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys to snap images of NGC 253 when they spied the two galaxies in the background. From ground-based telescopes, the two galaxies look like a single blob. But the Advanced Camera’s sharp “eye” distinguished the blob as two galaxies, cataloged as 2MASX J00482185-2507365. The images were taken on Sept. 19, 2006.

Source: Hubblesite