Universe Today

This artist’s impression of the distant galaxy SMM J2135-0102 shows large bright clouds a few hundred light-years in size, which are regions of active star formation, These “star factories” are similar in size to those in the Milky Way, but one hundred times more luminous, suggesting that star formation in the early life of these galaxies is a much more vigorous process than typically found in local galaxies. Credit: Credit: ESO/M. Kornmesser

Looking back in time – and through a gravitational lens – astronomers found evidence that galaxies in the early Universe went through a "growth spurt" of rapid and vigorous star formation. A distant galaxy, known as SMM J2135-0102 is making new stars 250 times faster than the Milky Way. Due to the amount of time it takes light to reach Earth the scientists observed the galaxy as it would have appeared 10 billion years ago – just three billion years after the Big Bang.

"This galaxy is like a teenager going through a growth spurt," said Dr. Mark Swinbank from Durham University, lead author of a new paper published in Nature. "We don't fully understand why the stars are forming so rapidly but our results suggest that stars formed much more efficiently in the early Universe than they do today. Galaxies in the early Universe appear to have gone through rapid growth and stars like our sun formed much more quickly than they do today."
Click to continue…

Filed under: Gravitational Lensing, galaxies | 1 Comment »

Artists rendering of a symbiotic recurrent nova. Image credit: David A. Hardy & PPARC

An alert was raised March 11 when Japanese amateur astronomers announced what might have been the discovery of a new 8th magnitude nova in the constellation of Cygnus. It was soon realized that this eruption was not what it appeared to be. It was actually the unexpected nova-like eruption of a known variable star, V407 Cygni. Typically varying between 12th and 14th magnitude, V407 Cyg is a rather mundane variable star. So what caused this well-behaved star to suddenly go ballistic?

Click to continue…

Filed under: Astronomy | 1 Comment »

Incoming? This Week in Space looks at the sinister stealthy near earth asteroids that the WISE mission is finding that are lurking dangerously near Earth and only visible in the infrared. Workers at the Kennedy Space Center race to troubleshoot a valve problem with Discovery in hopes of keeping her on track for launch. A string of comets take a death dive, Jupiter's Great Red Spot gets the thermal imaging treatment, fun with crash test dummies and more with Miles O'Brien and the TWIS team.

Filed under: Podcasts | No Comments »

Kennedy Space Center Director Robert Cabana, left, and U.S. Sen. Bill Nelson, D-Orlando, address human spaceflight during a forum Friday March 19 at Brevard Community College's campus in Cocoa, Florida. (Rik Jesse, FLORIDA TODAY)

“I know him [Obama] to be a vigorous supporter of the manned space program”, Nelson added. “But he certainly has not given that impression. The President is going to have to prove that when he comes here on April 15,” said Nelson. He was referring to the upcoming “Space Summit” scheduled to take place at or near the Kennedy Space Center on April 15. Click to continue…

Filed under: NASA, Space Exploration, Space Flight, Space Shuttle | 6 Comments »

Aerial view of the 300 metre diameter Arecibo radio telescope dish

It's about fifty years since Frank Drake sent out our first chat request to the wider universe. I say about as I think the official date is 11 April 1960 – but I notice a lot of fifty year anniversary blogs and interviews are already being published, so what the heck, I'm not waiting either. Click to continue…

Filed under: Astronomy | 9 Comments »

Elementally speaking, Universe Today is a science blog. Screenshot showing a part of David Bradley's Periodic Table of Sciece Bloggers. Can you find UT?

David Bradley is a first-class science writer from the UK, who writes with a chemistry slant at his blog Sciencebase. He's also an interesting guy to follow on Twitter, and coined the term "Scientwists." David also must be incredibly creative (or have more time on his hands than I could ever imagine) as he has created a Periodic Table of Science Bloggers. There you'll find over 100 different science blogs, covering topics from astrobiology to zoology. While the blogs aren't listed in topical groups similar to how the elements on the real periodic table are grouped, most are listed as an element whose abbreviation comes close to the blog or blogger's name. For example, Universe Today is listed as "Uut – Ununtrium." Check out this very cool periodic table to expand your horizons and bit and find some new blogs and new subjects to read about.
Click to continue…

Filed under: Blog, Science | 5 Comments »

A wide angle view of Discovery and the payload canister on the rolled back Rotating Service Structure. Credit: Alan Walters (awaltersphoto.com) for Universe Today

Over the weekend, NASA engineers will conduct additional tests to determine if Discovery can launch "as is" or have to be rolled back for repairs — which would mean a three-month delay for the STS-131 mission. Helium regulator assemblies downstream from a failed isolation valve in the shuttle's right rear maneuvering engine pod must work perfectly to provide a system redundancy that would justify proceeding with the flight. If they don't, then the regulator assemblies and the valve would need to be repaired or replaced, and neither can be done at the launchpad – meaning Discovery would have to be rolled back to the Vehicle Assembly Building, de-mated from the SRBs and external tank, and sent to the Orbiter Processing Facility for repairs. But if the regulators check out, and no other problems arise, mission managers could give the 'go' to launch Discovery as is on April 5, 2010.

Today on the launchpad, said NASA Payload Manager Joe Delai was optimistic about the tests. "It's looking good," he said. "They will do a test on Saturday to make sure the two valves farther down the line work, and if that looks good, we'll put the payload on board."
Click to continue…

Filed under: Space Shuttle | 2 Comments »

Annotated graphic of Lunokhod 2's travels from Phil Stooke's International Atlas of Lunar Exploration.

The saga of the Soviet Union's Lunokhod moon rovers keeps getting more interesting! If you missed the update on our article about finding the "missing" Russian landers and rovers among the newly released Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter images, the Lunokhod 2 rover was not exactly where one researcher initially thought – so there's now an updated image, which you can see at this link. But among all the research and poring over images that has been done since NASA released six month's worth of LRO data to the public earlier this week, Emily Lakdawalla from the Planetary Society uncovered an interesting tidbit about the Lunokhods which she generously passed on to me. After a little research, I found out more about an "extracurricular activity" the two Lunokhod rovers were commanded to do along their traverses on the lunar surface. They each created "memorials" to women on the Moon.
Click to continue…

Filed under: Moon | 5 Comments »

Greetings, fellow SkyWatchers! As one hemisphere warms, another cools… and so our passion for astronomy can sometimes wax and wane. Why not rekindle your viewing spirit by enjoying some lunar targets this weekend? If you don't think identifying lunar features with a small pair of binoculars is exciting – then think on this: Using the most simple form of optics, you are viewing details on a distant world that's a quarter of a million miles away! So what are you waiting for? Get out your binoculars and get ready to enjoy… and I'll see you in the backyard. Click to continue…

Filed under: Moon, Observing | 3 Comments »

Illustration of the X-37 Advanced Technology Demonstrator during flight. Credit: NASA

It's cute. It's little. It's also top secret. The X-37B orbital test vehicle is at Cape Canaveral in Florida, and the word is that it will be launched on board an Atlas V rocket on Monday April 19, 2010 at around 10 pm EDT. Other than that, the Air Force isn't saying much about this mini-space shuttle look-alike. The reusable unmanned vehicle is capable of staying in orbit for 270 days, but the mission duration hasn't been announced. Additionally, the ship has a payload bay for experiments and deployable satellites, but no word if any payloads will be included on the inaugural flight of this mini space plane.
Click to continue…

Filed under: Space Flight, Technology | 8 Comments »

Artist’s impression of Corot-9b. Credit: ESO/L. Calçada

Chalk up another exoplanet discovery for the CoRoT satellite. But this planet, while a gas giant, could have temperatures cool enough to host liquid water. Corot-9b orbits a sun-like star at a distance similar to Mercury – one of the largest orbits of any extrasolar planet yet found, and may have an interior that closely resembles Jupiter and Saturn. “This is a normal, temperate exoplanet just like dozens we already know, but this is the first whose properties we can study in depth,” said Claire Moutou, who is part of the international team of 60 astronomers that made the discovery. “It is bound to become a Rosetta stone in exoplanet research.”
Click to continue…

Filed under: Extrasolar Planets | 5 Comments »

Princeton University scientists (from left) Reinabelle Reyes, James Gunn and Rachel Mandelbaum led a team that analyzed more than 70,000 galaxies and demonstrated that the universe - at least up to a distance of 3.5 billion light years from Earth - plays by the rules set out by Einstein in his theory of general relativity. (Photo: Brian Wilson)

In 1960, GR passed its first big test in a lab, here on Earth; the Pound-Rebka experiment. And over the nine decades since its publication, GR has passed test after test after test, always with flying colors (check out this review for an excellent summary).

But the tests have always been within the solar system, or otherwise indirect.

Now a team led by Princeton University scientists has tested GR to see if it holds true at cosmic scales. And, after two years of analyzing astronomical data, the scientists have concluded that Einstein's theory works as well in vast distances as in more local regions of space.
Click to continue…

Filed under: Astronomy, Cosmology, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Gravitational Lensing, Physics | 12 Comments »

Researchers in Antarctica got a surprise visit from a creature in a borehole 185 meters (600 feet) below the Antarctic ice, where there is usually no light. A Lyssianasid amphipod, a shrimp-like creature can be seen swimming in this video. A NASA team had lowered a small video camera to get the first-ever photograph of the underside of an ice shelf when the curious little 7 cm (3- inch) shrimp stopped by to check out the equipment. Scientists say this could challenge the idea of where and how forms of life can survive. Anyone else thinking Europa?
Click to continue…

Filed under: Astrobiology, Earth | 8 Comments »

The Soyuz TMA-16 spacecraft is seen as it lands with Expedition 22 Commander Jeff Williams and Flight Engineer Maxim Suraev near the town of Arkalyk, Kazakhstan on Thursday, March 18, 2010. NASA Astronaut Jeff Williams and Russian Cosmonaut Maxim Suraev are returning from six months onboard the International Space Station where they served as members of the Expedition 21 and 22 crews. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

In what was likely a softer –albeit colder — Soyuz landing than usual, ISS Expedition 22 astronaut Jeff Williams and cosmonaut Max Suraev landed their Soyuz TMA-16 spacecraft on the snowy steppes of Kazakhstan Thursday, wrapping up a five-and-a-half-month stay aboard the International Space Station. The entire process of undocking and re-entry of the Soyuz was captured by the newest and hottest space photographer, Soichi Noguchi, (@Astro_Soichi) who has been sending down amazing Twitpics from space. See his very unique images below.
Click to continue…

Filed under: Space Flight, Space Station | 1 Comment »

Map of Soyuz TMA 16 Landing Site, set for Thursday, March 18 at 7:23 AM in the steppes of Kazakhstan

ISS Station Commander Jeff Williams, from NASA, handed over command of the massive orbiting outpost to Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kotev, in a formal ceremony early today (Wed, March 17) in preparation for the return to earth of two crew members early Thursday. The ISS population will be reduced to a crew of three until the scheduled April 4 arrival of the next three person station crew inside a Russian capsule. Both Williams and Kotev have previously served on the ISS for long duration missions.

This marks the end to Expedition 22 and the start of Expedition 23. The five person international crew of Expedition 22 comprised Commander Jeff Williams and Flight Engineers Maxim Suraev, Oleg Kotov, Soichi Noguchi, and T.J. Creamer. Click to continue…

Filed under: NASA, Space Exploration, Space Flight, Space Shuttle, Space Station | 1 Comment »