Universe Today
Japan’s Hayabusa 2 spacecraft is nearly back home, with precious cargo aboard! The sample-return mission departed asteroid Ryugu (162173 Ryugu) a little over a year ago, with soil samples and data that could provide clues to the early days of our Solar System. On December 6, 2020, the sample return container is set to land in the Australian outback.
"Organic materials are origins of life on Earth, but we still don’t know where they came from," said Makoto Yoshikawa, Hayabusa 2 project mission manager, at a press briefing. "We are hoping to find clues to the origin of life on Earth by analyzing details of the organic materials brought back by Hayabusa 2."
JAXA, the Japanese space agency, said the capsule containing the samples should land in the Woomera Prohibited Area in Australia, a restricted military test site about 122,000 square kilometers in size, located approximately 450 km northwest of Adelaide. JAXA's YouTube will have livestreams of the event.
Details of Hayabusa 2 capsule separation & re-entry. Credit: JAXA.
On November 25, the Hayabusa 2 team received permission from Australia to transition to the re-entry orbit. They conducted a trajectory correction maneuver on November 26 to put the spacecraft into the correct entry corridor.
The spacecraft will drop the capsule containing the samples from a distance of about 220,000 km (136,700 miles) from Earth. The capsule is quite small, only about 40 cm (15 inches) in diameter. A heat shield will protect the capsule during its fiery plunge through our atmosphere. When the capsule reaches an altitude of about six miles above the ground, a parachute will open to allow for a – hopefully – soft landing. A beacon will activate to transmit the location of the capsule, and multiple receivers have been set up around the target area to retrieve those signals. Radar, drones, and helicopters will be at the ready to assist in the search and retrieval.
Without those measures, a search for the small capsule "would be an extremely difficult," Yoshikawa said.
Below is the timeline of events, as of 11/30/20. Japan Standard Time (JST) is UTC +9. If you happen to live in Australia, here's information about how you may be able to see the capsule drop.
Hayabusa 2 launched in December 2014, and arrived at Ryugu in mid-2018. A German-built MASCOT lander collected samples from Ryugu in February and July 2019, storing each sample in separate chambers. The mission team said they believe at least 300 milligrams of material was collected, and likely more.
For the Hayabusa 2 spacecraft, it's not the end of the mission. After dropping the capsule, it will head to another distant small asteroid called 1998KY26, with the journey slated to take 10 years.
Artist's impression of the Hayabusa2 taking samples from the surface of the asteroid Ryugu. Credit: Akihiro Ikeshita/JAXA
Additional info: JAXAPress materials from 11/30/20 briefing PhysOrg
Scientists will compare the chemical composition of the samples with Earth and Moon rocks, seeking to understand factors about Earth’s origin, such as whether asteroids played a role in bringing water to Earth.
Artist's impression of the Hayabusa2 taking samples from the surface of the asteroid Ryugu. Credit: Akihiro Ikeshita/JAXA
Meanwhile, the Hayabusa 2 spacecraft will speed past Earth and continue on to a new mission. It will head to another distant small asteroid called 1998KY26 on a journey slated to take 10 years.
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