X-Ray Observations Find Evidence for “Missing Matter” in the Universe

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From a Chandra press release:

Scientists have used NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory and ESA’s XMM-Newton to detect a vast reservoir of gas lying along a wall-shaped structure of galaxies about 400 million light years from Earth. In this artist’s impression, a close-up view of the so-called Sculptor Wall is depicted. Spiral and elliptical galaxies are shown in the wall along with the newly detected intergalactic gas, part of the so-called Warm Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM), shown in blue. This discovery is the strongest evidence yet that the “missing matter” in the nearby Universe is located in an enormous web of hot, diffuse gas.

The X-ray emission from WHIM in this wall is too faint to be detected, so instead a search was made for absorption spectrum of light from a bright background source by the WHIM, using deep observations with Chandra and XMM. This background source is a rapidly growing supermassive black hole located far beyond the wall at a distance of about two billion light years. This is shown in the illustration as a star-like source, with light traveling through the Sculptor Wall towards the Earth. The relative location of the background source, the Sculptor Wall, and the Milky Way galaxy are shown in a separate plot, where the view instead looks down on the source and the Wall from above.

An X-ray spectrum of the background source is given in the inset, where the yellow points show the Chandra data and the red line shows the best model for the spectrum after including all of the Chandra and XMM data. The dip in X-rays towards the right side of the spectrum corresponds to absorption by oxygen atoms in the WHIM contained in the Sculptor Wall. The characteristics of the absorption are consistent with the distance of the Sculptor Wall as well as the predicted temperature and density of the WHIM. This result gives scientists confidence that the WHIM will also be found in other large-scale structures.

This result supports predictions that about half of the normal matter in the local Universe is found in a web of hot, diffuse gas composed of the WHIM. Normal matter — which is different from dark matter — is composed of the particles, such as protons and electrons, that are found on the Earth, in stars, gas, and so on. A variety of measurements have provided a good estimate of the amount of this “normal matter” present when the Universe was only a few billion years old. However, an inventory of the nearby Universe has turned up only about half as much normal matter, an embarrassingly large shortfall.

Source: Chandra

7 Replies to “X-Ray Observations Find Evidence for “Missing Matter” in the Universe”

  1. Oops, how did that happen; another try:

    WHIM-wham on the Wall,
    good to see you after all.

  2. “However, an inventory of the nearby Universe has turned up only about half as much normal matter, an embarrassingly large shortfall.” – Until it shows up somewhere unexpected?

  3. I have not read the main article yet, but I infer that the measurement detects the amount of gas in filaments and wall by the attenuation amplitude.

    LC

  4. Think I’m going to have to read the paper for this one… Interesting, but the red line in their graph doesn’t look like it would be statistically much more likely a fit than many other lines that you could draw through those data points… I’m sure there’s far more to it than one little graph taken out of context though.

  5. oTay now! So what is all this hot diffuse gas? How about – evidence of a ‘vehicle’ for intergalactic magnetic field propagation ~ implying a probable role in the synthesis of galaxy structures et al?.

  6. @astrofiend: according to the article the data points are from chandra only while the red line is also based on data from xmm.

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