Universe Today

September 20, 2007December 26, 2015 by Fraser Cain

Lisa Nowak is Having Her Day in Court

Remember Lisa Nowak? She’s the ex-astronaut who drove across the US to confront a rival over the love of another astronaut; a spacey love triangle. Well, things are moving forward now. Nowak testified this week in a court in Orlando, Florida, hoping that key evidence will be thrown out.

Nowak was arrested on February 5th, 2007 after she allegedly sprayed her romantic rival with pepper spray, astronaut Colleen Shipman. Police discovered a bunch of items that could be weapons in her car, including a steel mallet, a serrated knife and a loaded pellet gun. They also found a map of Shipman’s home, garbage bags and latex gloves.

During Tuesday’s hearing, Nowak put forth a motion claiming that the police illegally searched her car, as they didn’t have a warrant. She claimed that she didn’t give the police consent to search the car, and actually misunderstood the charges against her; that she was being charged with an attempted carjacking.

She’s currently charged with attempted kidnapping, attempted burglary and battery, and the actual trial is scheduled to start next year. Whether prosecutors get to include this evidence is the big question.

Nowak’s lawyer has told the court that he’s planning to argue that the astronaut was temporarily insane during the incident, and that she suffers from obsessive-compulsive disorder, partner relational problems and insomnia.

Circuit Judge Marc L. Lubet hasn’t indicated if he’s going to rule on the defense motions yet.

More info, AFP article, ABC News.

September 20, 2007December 26, 2015 by Fraser Cain

Carnegie Mellon’s New Prototype Lunar Rover

Consider this: there are two rovers crawling around the surface of Mars. Isn’t it strange that we don’t have anything similar on the surface of the Moon. I mean, come on, it’s so close. Well, researchers at Carnegie Mellon are working to fix this problem. They’ve been tasked by NASA to develop a prototype lunar rover. One which can travel in the low lunar gravity, and hang on tight when it needs to drill down beneath the lunar soil.

The prototype lunar rover is called “Scarab”, and it’s being built by the Robotics Institute of Carnegie Mellon University’s School of Computer Science. Even though it’s being built to test out technologies designed for the surface of the Moon, this little rover will never make the trip. But its advances will be incorporated into future technologies for real missions.

Traveling around the Moon is going to be hard. Especially when you’re searching for water inside the perpetually darkened craters at the lunar southern pole. You’ve got regions of perpetual darkness at the lunar poles, where temperatures plunge to hundreds of degrees below zero. Instead of the traditional solar panels, Scarab will use a radioisotope source to generate energy.

It won’t get much power, though, probably less than the amount required to operate a 100-watt light bulb. This means that the rover will be operating in nearly complete darkness, relying on low-power, laser-based sensors. And it won’t be fast, crawling forward at only 10 cm/second (4 inch/s).

To be efficient, the rover must be light, but at the same time, it’ll need to have enough mass to let it operate as a drilling platform on the lunar surface. Engineers have calculated tat it needs to weigh at least 250 kg (550 pounds).

The researchers at Carnegie Mellon have been working on the rover since March, developing the structure and programming its software. They’re planning to do a field experiment near the end of the year, where the rover will drive and drill in total darkness.

They’ve also announced plans to enter the new Google Lunar X-Prize, offering $20 million to the first team to land a privately funded robotic rover on the Moon by 2012.

You can learn more about the rover, and see some videos of it in action at the Lunar Rover Initiative website.

Original Source: Carnegie Mellon News Release

September 20, 2007December 26, 2015 by Fraser Cain

Learning How to Stop Dangerous Asteroids

You know the cliche: it’s not a question of if an asteroid will strike the Earth, it’s a question of when. Why wait for the asteroid impact, let’s get out there and learn how to prevent an impact in the first place. Part of this learning process will be to study potential Earth-crossing asteroids in great detail. ESA has just such a mission in the works: Don Quijote.

There are several problems with asteroids. For starters, we don’t even know where they all are. But even when we discover their locations and plot out their orbits, it’s all game of probabilities. Over time, asteroids interact with other objects, and their orbits get changed in ways which are hard to predict. Not only that, but sunlight heats up asteroids in ways that can give them a tiny thrust, so they can change their orbits all on their own.

Astronomers are working hard to catalog all the asteroids out there; automated surveys should find most of the objects larger than 140 metres (460 feet) by about 2020. But plotting out their exact positions, and thus their future trajectories, is the hard part.

So Europe is planning to reach out and tag an asteroid. With a homing beacon, an asteroid will be much easier to track as it moves across the Solar System.

The mission is called Don Quijote, and it will work in two phases. The first phase will consist of an orbiter which will rendezvous with an asteroid and begin circling it. It will monitor the asteroid for several months, studying its size, shape, mass and gravity field.

In the second stage, an impactor spacecraft would slam into the asteroid at a speed of 10 km/s, which the first spacecraft watches – sort of like what happened with Deep Impact. The orbiter could then study the asteroid again, seeing what changed. Ground observers could also make precise measurements on the asteroid’s orbit and determine how its trajectory changed from the impact.

ESA doesn’t have a specific asteroid in mind, but they’re seriously considering a space rock called Apophis, which will come dangerously close to the Earth in the future.

If the mission is approved, it could launch early in the next decade, and take about 25 months to fly to its target. Maybe then we’ll get a much better handle on potentially dangerous asteroids, and learn everything we need to know to prevent them.

Original Source: ESA News Release

September 20, 2007December 26, 2015 by Fraser Cain

Galaxy Leaves New Stars Behind in its Death Plunge

Quick, look at the picture with this story. Are you looking at a comet? Nope, that’s an entire galaxy. But the process is similar. In this case, an entire galaxy is plunging into a galaxy cluster. The interstellar winds are tearing away at its structure, shedding material, and trailing stars behind into a trail 200,000 light-years long. But it’s actually a region of creation, not destruction, as millions of new stars are forming behind the galaxy.

The image you’re looking at was captured by NASA’s Chandra X-ray observatory as well as the Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) telescope in Chile. The blue colours are regions bright with X-rays, while the red colours show regions rich in hydrogen gas.

The galaxy is called ESO 137-001, and it’s currently falling into the massive galaxy cluster Abell 3627. The pressure from the intergalactic wind coming from the galaxy cluster is causing gas in ESO 137-001 to heat up to millions of degrees. At the same time, though, hydrogen gas is being stripped out of the galaxy and trailing behind for more than 200,000 light years.

From their observations, astronomers can detect that millions of stars are forming in this galactic tail; the interaction between the gas and intergalactic wind is helping it collapse into massive star forming regions.

By galactic standards, these newly forming stars – most are less than 10 million years old – are going to be very lonely. They’re much further away from their galactic home than stars can ever normally form. Life that might evolve on worlds in those regions would see a few stars in the night sky, and a large haze for their parent galaxy, but otherwise, the sky would seem black.

Original Source: Chandra News Release

September 20, 2007December 26, 2015 by Fraser Cain

New Insights Into Magnetar Explosions

Some of the most extreme objects that we know of in the Universe are magnetars. These are small neutron stars with insanely powerful magnetic fields – they could erase your credit cards from millions of kilometres away. They occasionally have outbursts, blasting out radiation visible from across the galaxy. Now researchers think they have a better handle on where these outbursts are coming from. What’s causing them? That’s still a mystery.

Back in 2003, astronomers watched as a previously unknown neutron star brightened by a factor of 100, briefly becoming visible to a collection of powerful observatories. After detecting pulsations of radiation coming from its surface, astronomers realized they were dealing with a magnetar.

Magnetars were once stars at least 8 times as massive as our own Sun. After the star exploded as a supernova, all that remained was the tiny – but massive – core. The entire mass of the Sun was packed into an object no larger than about 15 km (9 miles across).

Large mass packed into a small area makes it a neutron star, but a tremendously powerful magnetic field puts it into the magnetar class.

The analysis of this new magnetar, known as XTE J1810-197, allowed astronomers to trace the recent outburst to a region just below its surface. In fact, they were able to narrow down the region to an area about 3.5 km (2 miles) across. They could also determine that the magnetic field on the object is about 6 trillion times more powerful than the Earth’s magnetic field.

The process that actually created the outburst is still a mystery. Astronomers are certain that the magnetic field helped trigger the explosion, but they’re not sure what the mechanism is.

Original Source: ESA News Release

September 20, 2007December 26, 2015 by Fraser Cain

Astrosphere for September 20th, 2007

Today’s image was taken by Jamesabrown. It’s a solar pillar, when the Sun’s rays bounce of water vapour in the atmosphere. They’re rare and cool to see.

Mercury is a hard planet to spot. It’s only visible around sunset or sunrise, and either sets quickly or fades into the brightening Sun. There’s going to be a cool pairing on Saturday, September 22nd, when Mercury gets really close to the star Spica. Astroblog has the details.

Centauri Dreams reports that Tau Ceti might not be a terrible place for life after all.

Remember the cool New Mexico spaceport I blogged about last week? Well, the government wants more money to help get it built. From the Personal Spaceflight blog.

Learn how to beam energy to move spaceships at the Fifth International Symposium on Beamed Energy Propulsion. It’s going to be at the Outrigger Keauhou Beach Resort, Hawaii, November 12 – 15, 2007. Nod to Hobbyspace for the link.

September 18, 2007December 26, 2015 by Fraser Cain

Google Moon Gets a Big Update

When Google Moon was released last year, it was a bit of a joke. Google Earth, but for the Moon. Zoom in far enough and the familiar lunar craters were replaced with swiss cheese. The time for silliness is over, Google Moon has gotten an update, and they’re making it a serious learning tool this time around. The website incorporates photographs from orbiters and the Apollo missions to let you zoom in and out, exploring the Moon.

Head over to Google Moon, and follow along. You can change the view between Charts, Apollo, Visible and Elevation. All of the Apollo landing sites are marked on the map, so you can click each one to get more information.

Zoom in all the way, and you don’t see swiss cheese anymore. Instead you see the most detailed images available from NASA showing high resolution details about the landing sites. Each landing site has more than 10 additional detailed place markers, showing points of interest about the mission.

For example, click on the Apollo 16 mission, and the interface informs you there are 21 additional place markers. Click to zoom in, and you can see all the little markers. Click on any one and you’ll see more details, such as interesting rocks, craters, and landing spacecraft. Some of the detailed views are just photographs, but others are panoramas that you can scroll around to see the landscape from the astronauts’ point of view. Very cool!

There are also some landmarks with audio clips and video clips. All in all, the site feels like an educational CD-ROM.

And that’s part of its problem – it’s not really an atlas of the Moon, and more of a presentation of the Apollo missions. Many of those lunar craters have names. There are plenty more interesting features on the Moon than just the Apollo landing sites. I’d love to see some of that information incorporated as well. They could also bring in images from other spacecraft, like ESA’s SMART-1 to provide better coverage in some areas.

My other concern is that it doesn’t really work if you zoom all the way out. Instead of seeing a nice view of the whole Moon, there’s a confusing set of repeating images showing the same portions of the Moon over and over again. Google Maps does the same thing with the Earth, but still, it should look like you’re zooming into the Moon.

Anyway, enough of my review, check it out at http://www.google.com/moon

Original Source: NASA News Release

September 18, 2007December 26, 2015 by Fraser Cain

Life Marker Chip Heads to Space

Would you know microbial life if you saw it? What if you were a robot? A newly developed “Life Marker Chip” might give future robotic explorers a tool they can use to know if the rock, sand, water or ice they’re examining contains life. This device, as well as a few dozen other experiments recently headed to space aboard the Foton microgravity mission.

The unmanned Soyuz-U launcher blasted off from the Kaikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan on September 14th. 9 minutes after launch, the Foton-M3 spacecraft separated from the rocket’s upper stage, and went into an orbit that takes it around the Earth every 90 minutes.

The spacecraft is carrying a payload of 43 experiments designed to test the effects of microgravity and radiation. The experiments include fluid physics, biology, protein crystal growth, meteoritics, radiation dosimetry and exobiology. And one interesting member of the mission is the Life Marker Chip.

The nickname for the Life Marker Chip is the Mars pregnancy test since it works on the same principle. It contains a tray of very specific proteins, each of which acts like a plug. If microbial life is present on Mars, some of its protein molecules will come into contact with the LMC, and then bond, like a very specific puzzle piece. This will allow the robot to not only report on evidence of life, but give very specific information about what kind of life process is being observed.

The trip to space on board the Foton is just a test. Scientists want to see what happens to the experiment when it’s exposed to the radiation and microgravity of being in orbit. The experiment, as well as the other 40ish experiments on board the capsule will be recovered when the capsule returns to Earth on September 25th.

If everything works properly, the Life Marker Chip will be installed onto ESA’s ExoMars mission; a rover that will blast off for the Red Planet in 2013. Maybe then we’ll get the answer we’re hoping for: Mars is pregnant… with life.

Original Source: Carnegie Institution News Release

September 18, 2007December 26, 2015 by Fraser Cain

Astrosphere for September 18th, 2007

Well, I’m officially jealous. Space blogger Keith Cowing recently got a chance to fly on the Zero Gravity Corporation’s G Force One and experience weightlessness. Tell me that doesn’t look like fun.

My good friends over at Earth & Sky are going to be launching a Spanish-language version of their popular astronomy podcast, funded by the National Science Foundation. They’re planning to produce 600 one-minute science radio spots in Spanish over the next three years. It’s going to be called Cielo y Tierra, which, uh, makes sense.

A big thanks to the History Channel, and its show, “The Universe“. They sponsored Universe Today and Astronomy Cast over the summer. The last episode has aired, so they’re moving on. Hey, that means there’s a sponsorship opportunity available in Astronomy Cast. If you’re interested in sponsoring Astronomy Cast, we now get about 180,000 shows downloaded every month.

September 18, 2007December 26, 2015 by Fraser Cain

NASA is Looking for New Astronauts

Have you got the right stuff? If you’ve got multiple advanced degrees, a body carved from a block of steel, tremendous experience flying jet aircraft, and strong stomach, you might want to consider signing up as a NASA astronaut. NASA announced today that they’re now accepting applications for the 2009 Astronaut Candidate Class. These are the people who will be staffing the International Space Station, and heading back to the Moon.

Don’t think this happens all the time. The last time NASA opened up applications for astronaut candidates (or ascans) was back in 2004. They brought in 11 US candidates and 3 international people out of thousands of applications. This time around, they’re going to be looking to fill 15 positions or so.

The NASA press release links to the USAJOBS website. Here’s the information from that website, including the astronaut salary range: $59,493.00 – $130,257.00 USD per year. Nice money.

Astronaut Candidate
SALARY RANGE:$59,493.00 – 130,257.00 USD per year
OPEN PERIOD: Tuesday, September 18, 2007 to Tuesday, July 01, 2008
SERIES & GRADE: GS-0801-11/14
POSITION INFORMATION: Full-Time – Permanent appointment
PROMOTION POTENTIAL: 15
DUTY LOCATIONS: Few vacancies – Houston
WHO MAY BE CONSIDERED:
This announcement is open to all qualified U.S citizens.

JOB SUMMARY:
NASA, the world’s leader in space and aeronautics is always seeking outstanding scientists, engineers, and other talented professionals to carry forward the great discovery process that its mission demands. Creativity. Ambition. Teamwork. A sense of daring. And a probing mind. That’s what it takes to join NASA, one of the best places to work in the Federal Government.

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has a need for Astronaut Candidates to support the International Space Station (ISS) Program.

NASA uses the USAJobs resume as the basic application document. NASA limits resumes to the equivalent of about six typed pages, or approximately 22,000 characters (including spaces). You cannot complete the application process if your USAJobs resume is too long. More information about the NASA application process is also available under the “How to Apply” section of this announcement.

KEY REQUIREMENTS:
* Position subject to pre-employment background investigation
* U.S. citizenship is required
* This is a drug-testing designated position
* Frequent travel may be required
* Selectee must pass a pre-employment medical examination

So, unlike previous years, this one’s only open to US citizens. I guess that rules me out.

Click here to access the job posting.

Hilariously, the press release lists the possible destinations you might travel to: “Texas, Florida, California, Russia, Kazakhstan, the International Space Station and the moon.” Good to know.

The deadline to apply is July 1, 2008, so head out there and update your resume. Include the fact that you read Universe Today, that’s got to be a big positive.

Original Source: NASA News Release