Less Than 20 Years Until First Contact?

by Nancy Atkinson on November 12, 2008

Allen Telescope Array.  Credit: ATA

Allen Telescope Array. Credit: ATA


The Allen Telescope Array (ATA) has come online with its initial configuration of 42 antennas. The project, led by the SETI Institute, is a non-governmental project funded by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen in which eventually 350 small radio antennas will scan the sky for signs of extraterrestrial intelligence. To test the system, the ATA sucessfully picked up the New Horizons probe on its way to Pluto. Senior SETI scientist Seth Shostak said at an event in San Francisco Tuesday night that the array could become strong enough by 2025 to look deep enough into space to find extraterrestrial signals. “We’ll find E.T. within two dozen years,” he said.

That’s, of course, assuming the distance we can look into space will be increased with new instruments yet to be built, and that the projected computing power under Moore’s Law actually happens.

Shostak estimated that if the assumptions about computing power and the strength of forthcoming research instruments are correct, we should be able to search as far out as 500 light years into space by 2025, a distance he predicted would be enough–based on scientist Frank Drake’s estimate of there being 10,000 civilizations in our galaxy alone capable of creating radio transmitters–to find evidence of intelligent life that is broadcasting its existence.

Only time will tell.

For the New Horizons observation, made Sept. 10, operators of the ATA used a synthesized beam formed with 11 of the array’s 6.1-meter (20 foot) antennas – a method called “beamforming” that electronically combines the antennas into a single virtual telescope. The 8.4-GHz spacecraft carrier signal was then fed into the SETI Prelude detection system.

“We’re happy to be the ATA’s new friend in the sky, helping SETI to verify the operations of their electronics,” says New Horizons Principal Investigator Alan Stern. “It’s also nice to know that someone else is checking in on us during our long voyage to Pluto and beyond.”

And what does New Horizons look like to the Allen Telescope Array? This plot shows 678 hertz (Hz) of spectrum collected over 98 seconds. The New Horizons signal can be easily seen as a bright diagonal line, drifting at rate of -0.6 > Hz/second.

What New Horizons looks like to The ATA.  Credit: SETI Institute

What New Horizons looks like to The ATA. Credit: SETI Institute

Sources: CNET, New Horizons

  • Aodhhan

    Looks like this is designed to work more like a flashlight than an actual receiver. Meaning, it will allow someone to see us before we see them. Like someone using a flashlight in a dark area.
    So it isn’t the fact we have to find the correct frequency. Its a matter of someone seeing the beam, tracing it back to us, and then somehow sending us something in return.

  • http://www.yanluz.com Yan Luz

    I hope that when we do find a signal that the Government does not censor it from the public by not allowing scientists to go public with with. I fear that the Government will try to protect religion by not admitting that there are intelligent beings out there.

  • Huygens

    Any religion that cannot handle the realities of the Universe does not deserve to exist.

    Then again, most cults – I mean religions – are pretty self-deluding, aren’t they?

    If Obama weren’t coming into office in a few months, I might agree that the Government would hide an alien signal to preserve religion, especially the Christian ones.

    By the way, Frank Drake used to predict ETI detection by the distant future year of 2000. Oddly enough, the rest of the Universe probably does not base their calendars on the birth of a Jewish radical.

  • Ayti

    @Aodhhan

    Flashlight? I don’t think so – it’s a listening post not a transmitter unless I’m sorely mistaken.

    It has a large enough area to detect faint radio signals out to a distance of about 500 years which is pretty impressive but still small in the context of the larger galaxy.

    I’ve heard of others busy with flashlights hoping to signal ET directly – an act of questionable wisdom IMO.

  • Aodhhan

    Ayti…
    If it was a passive energy receiver you would be correct. In this case however, the engergy isn’t totally passive. It cannot be, in order to create beamforming.

  • Paul

    better off researching quantum communications or at least some neutrinos

  • Ayti

    Aodhhan,

    Thanks, I’ll read up on beamforming. I thought they were doing something akin to radio interferometry similar to the long baseline array of large scale radio telescopes.

    cheers

  • Freddy Yu

    Good Luck to them.

    Considering how this planet wastes money on some things like defence & weapons I’ve got no problem with money being spent on this.

    It is after all the question of the age.

  • ShadowDancer

    Aodhhan Says:
    November 13th, 2008 at 11:43 am
    Ayti…
    If it was a passive energy receiver you would be correct. In this case however, the engergy isn’t totally passive. It cannot be, in order to create beamforming.

    Go back and reread the article Aodhhan. It says right in the article that “a method called “beamforming” that electronically combines the antennas into a single virtual telescope.” It’s the same as the idea of launching multiple small telescopes that maintain a set distance from one another and combining the input to gain a sharper image.

  • http://www.seti.org Peter Backus

    In radio astronomy, the term “beam” refers to the sensitivity pattern of the antenna. It is borrowed from radar engineering and often leads to confusion over whether we are transmitting or receiving. The ATA does not transmit; the antennas are combined for sensitivity.

    Over the course of the next two decades, the the SETI program on the ATA will observe about one million or more stars. We will be sensitive to narrowband signals with transmitters no more powerful than our own airport radars. Unlike Seth, I will not predict that we will find a signal. I will predict that we will search those stars over a wide range of frequencies and good sensitivity.

    Peter Backus
    Observing Programs Manager
    SETI Institute

  • DestroyAllHumans

    Will you be scanning areas that show up in the infrared but not optical?

    SETI needs to get past the old paradigm of biological beings living on a planet orbiting a Sun type star, or the search will take even longer for success.

  • alandee

    I hope it is within the next couple of dozen years .. it would make my twilight so very much brighter ..

  • Chuck Lam

    To: Peter Backus @ the SETI Institute. A couple questions please. Has anyone in your organization ever done the math on, for example, a million watt highly focused RF signal aimed at earth, lets’s say, from the Alpha C system to determine just how many watts of RF energy might be available for detection? What is the theoretical gain of your new antenna array? How sensitive is the detection equipment? What is the calculated ‘signal to noise’ ratio? Alpha C is in our backyard. Now do the same math for 100 or 500 light years distance.

  • Dark Gnat

    Yan Luz, Huygens

    Christianity has no problem with extra-terrestials. The vatican announced a while back that it would not contradict the techings. Technically, angels would be considered aliens (heavenly beings), anyway.

    Not everyting is a conspiracy.

    As for the topic:

    I’m very skeptical of this 20-30 year prediction. I’m betting aliens will be so different than us, that they may not even communicate the same way, or use the same technology that we do. We may not even be aware of what we are looking at. I wonder if he’d be willing to put some money on it.

  • Drew

    Hz/second. That’s a fun set of units… ;-)

    -
    Drew

  • Huygens

    Dark Gnat -

    You and some other Christians may not have an issue with ETI, but I also know many fundamentalist types who are certain that God created only one planet with any life in the Universe – all for our benefit, of course.

    We are currently watching various groups in the USA flip out about the first black President. Imagine how they will react to an intelligent being from another planet. Centuries of stories about hideous aliens invading Earth will not help the situation.

  • Robert

    6, 42, 142 antennas – it’ll just be a fluke – a wonderful, marvelous fluke – if we hear anything. I agree with what some others have said – until we understand entanglement more clearly, we won’t really have a decent, directed shot at hearing, establishing and communicating with a more advance species – unless they come to us first.

  • Kay

    One of the most relevant comments here is that of Chuck Lam, who raises questions about the ability of the Allen Telescope Array (ATA) to discriminate actual signals from noise, and about the strength of those signals after 500 light years of travel.

    There are indeed reasons why SETI won’t work, at least not with ATA or other current equipment, and one wonders why the SETI Institute team endeavors to skirt this matter entirely.

    SETI (in the words of the SETI Institute) “seeks evidence of life in the universe by looking for some signature of its technology.” On the public face of the matter the impression has been created that it primarily searches for the radio leakage inadvertently streamed into space by extraterrestrial civilizations.

    Even using a 300 meter antenna (like Arecibo), which has an area 7 times larger than that of ATA’s combined antennas, Earth’s own radio leakage would diminish to indiscernible static at the relatively short distance represented by Saturn’s orbit, which of course is infinitesimal compared to any interstellar observation. Because of such inversely proportional attenuation and the existence of multitudinous sources of noise, the detection of leakage from a radio-using civilization on a planet circling the closest other possible solar system, at only 4 light years distance, would require an antenna measuring 33,000 kilometers in diameter. I kid you not.

    While the intriguing possibility of radio leakage from extraterrestrial civilizations garners much public interest, the SETI Institute is certainly aware of the presently nsurmountable obstacles to detecting such signals, and accordingly is not even trying to look for something it knows it cannot see. Rather, their effort is entirely based on the premise that some of the radio-using civilizations will to some degree lance focused beams into space. While focused beams are more easily detectable, the improvement is puny on the interstellar scale, and one is persuaded that in the vastness of space it is very improbable that any extraterrestrial beacons would casually impinge upon the infinitesimal dot which is Earth. While we are often subjected to the Drake Equation with its entirely unfounded assumed variables, we have never seen any efforts to calculate the extreme unlikelihood of interstellar focused beams impinging on our planet.

    It is nice that Mr. Allen has financed the SETI array bearing his name, but neither this decidedly modest array nor anything else on our planet comes remotely close to the minimum basic requirement for the detection of radio leakage from even our nearest potential neighbors. In fact, the current antennas are less than 0.001% of what is needed to get started, aside from the sensible questioning of the nature of any extraterrestrial signals.

    One wonders why SETI proponents completely skirt this fundamental detection issue. The SETI Institute enthusiastically informs its sponsors about its sophisticated instrumentation, but neglects to mention that it is all connected to an antenna array which will be just as effective in receiving extraterrestrial signals as a toaster.

  • http://www.zeta.com UnknownBoy

    Wow for so many seemingly intelligent posters, you all fail to think past the human aspect of it eh? Our understanding of physics and how the universe works is extremely limited..based on what? 1 human( rather smart but still human) called Einstein?
    Who’s to say an advanced alien species has a much stronger understanding of physics & is able to surpass the time/distance/speed limit we have so far been unable to figure a way around? Do you think the Aliens also had a Marconi who built a radio transmitter..or are they based on a totally different set of parameters..my god you people are so narrow minded..

  • Nexus

    I think contact is a long, long way off. I used to believe that intelligence would arise in a lot of places that had life, and that life would start pretty much anywhere it could. But now I’m of the opinion that life might not be that common and that it takes a lot for intelligence to develop. There might be no more than a few dozen civilizations in our galaxy.

    Then there’s the simple fact that it is easier to passively listen for signals than it is to send them. We’ve made maybe five or six attempts to send a signal to whoever might be out there, and all of those were symbolic efforts for our benefit, with no hope of actually reaching someone. If we don’t make an effort, why should we expect the aliens to? We might be one of fifty civilizations, all sitting around with their hands cupped around their ears going “Someone say something!”

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